NAD+ Injections: Benefits, Cost, and Complete Guide [2026]
Discover everything about NAD+ injections, including how they work, their science-backed benefits for energy and anti-aging, complete dosing protocols, cost analysis, and how to find quality providers near you.
What is NAD+ and Why Should You Care?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a fundamental coenzyme present in virtually every cell of your body. It functions as a critical electron carrier and signaling molecule that powers cellular energy production, regulates metabolism, and coordinates cellular repair mechanisms. Think of NAD+ as the currency your cells use to function optimally.
Your mitochondria—the powerhouses of your cells—depend entirely on NAD+ to generate ATP, the energy molecule that powers everything you do. Without adequate NAD+, your cells struggle to produce energy efficiently, leading to fatigue, reduced mental performance, slower recovery, and accelerated aging.
The problem is that NAD+ levels decline dramatically with age. By your 40s, you have roughly 50% of the NAD+ you had at age 20. By your 70s, NAD+ levels may be only 10-20% of youthful levels. This decline directly correlates with aging symptoms: declining energy, reduced muscle function, cognitive decline, compromised immune function, and increased disease risk.
The Science Behind NAD+ and Cellular Energy
NAD+ serves two critical roles in cellular metabolism: It functions as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain, where mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. This process is how your cells convert nutrients into usable energy. Second, NAD+ serves as a substrate for sirtuins—a family of seven regulatory proteins (SIRT1-SIRT7) that control fundamental aging processes.
Sirtuins are often called "longevity proteins" because they regulate DNA repair, inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy (cellular cleanup), and metabolic homeostasis. When NAD+ levels are high, sirtuins are active and keep these aging processes in check. When NAD+ is depleted, sirtuins become inactive, and aging accelerates visibly. This is why maintaining high NAD+ is one of the most powerful anti-aging interventions available.
NAD+ also participates in immune signaling, circadian rhythm regulation, and DNA damage response. Every cell system in your body depends on adequate NAD+ for optimal function.
NAD+ Injections vs. IV Therapy: Key Differences
Both injections and IV therapy deliver NAD+ directly into your system, bypassing the digestive tract for maximum bioavailability. However, they differ in important ways:
Injections: Subcutaneous injections are administered just under the skin, typically at home. Typical doses range from 100-300mg per injection. The injection takes about 10-30 seconds. Injections provide consistent, steady NAD+ elevation over several hours. Multiple injections per week allow you to maintain elevated baseline NAD+ levels. Cost per dose is $100-250. Injections offer convenience, affordability, and excellent results for maintenance and optimization.
IV Therapy: Intravenous therapy delivers NAD+ directly into your bloodstream, typically at a medical clinic. IV doses are significantly higher—usually 500-1000mg per session. The infusion takes 30-120 minutes depending on dose. IV therapy creates a rapid, high-concentration NAD+ surge that is more immediately felt (often called the NAD+ rush). Effects are more intense and shorter-lasting compared to injections. Cost per session is $400-1200. IV therapy is ideal for intensive protocols, acute performance demands, or those unable to self-inject.
Most people optimize results by combining both: regular injections for baseline optimization plus periodic IV sessions for intensive work. Many top athletes and high-performers use this combined approach.
The Complete Benefits of NAD+ Injections
NAD+ injections provide a spectrum of benefits supported by both research and extensive user experience. Understanding these benefits helps you decide if NAD+ is right for your goals.
Energy and Physical Performance: Most users report feeling a noticeable energy boost within 24-72 hours. Your cells produce ATP more efficiently, your workouts feel easier, recovery is noticeably faster, and that afternoon energy slump diminishes. Athletes consistently report improved endurance, faster recovery between sets, and better overall workout quality.
Cognitive Enhancement: Enhanced mental clarity and focus are among the most reported benefits. NAD+ supports mitochondrial function in your brain, enhances synaptic plasticity, and improves neurotransmitter signaling. Users report better focus during demanding mental work, improved problem-solving ability, better memory, and reduced mental fatigue.
Anti-Aging and Longevity: Through activation of sirtuins and enhanced DNA repair, NAD+ slows aging processes at the cellular level. Regular users report improved skin quality, reduced fine lines, better muscle tone, and improved overall appearance. Long-term use (6+ months) produces cumulative anti-aging effects that become quite noticeable.
Sleep Quality: NAD+ regulates circadian rhythms and supports healthy sleep architecture. Users frequently report sleeping deeper, waking more refreshed, and feeling less daytime drowsiness. Improvements typically appear within 2-3 weeks.
Addiction and Substance Abuse Recovery: This is one of NAD+'s most evidence-supported applications. NAD+ therapy has shown remarkable success in helping people overcome opioid, stimulant, and alcohol addiction by restoring the dopamine signaling and motivation systems damaged by addiction.
Immune Function: NAD+-dependent pathways regulate immune cell function. Users on long-term NAD+ protocols often report fewer infections and faster recovery from illness.
Metabolic Health: NAD+ supports healthy insulin signaling and metabolic rate. Many users experience improved weight management and better body composition even without dietary changes.
Complete NAD+ Dosing and Protocol Guide
NAD+ dosing should be personalized based on your goals, body weight, current health status, and objectives. Here are evidence-based protocol frameworks:
General Maintenance and Anti-Aging: For healthy individuals seeking baseline optimization and anti-aging benefits, 100-250mg injected twice weekly provides excellent results. This might look like 200mg every Monday and Thursday. Total monthly dose: 800-2000mg. This dose maintains elevated baseline NAD+ without excessive supplementation.
Athletic Performance and Recovery: Athletes and active individuals benefit from higher dosing: 250-500mg injected 2-4 times weekly, ideally timed around training sessions (immediately before or after workouts). Training frequency determines dosing frequency—train 4x weekly, dose 4x weekly. Total monthly dose: 4000-8000mg. This supports rapid recovery, enhanced performance, and muscle development.
Intense Anti-Aging and Optimization: For aggressive anti-aging goals and maximum optimization: 250mg injected 3-4 times weekly plus one monthly IV session of 500-1000mg. This combines the benefits of both modalities. Total monthly dose: 3000-5000mg from injections plus 500-1000mg from IV.
Addiction Recovery Protocol: Intensive addiction recovery uses the highest doses: 500mg NAD+ daily (or every other day for more frequent dosing) for 10-14 days of intensive treatment, followed by 250-500mg twice weekly for maintenance over 3-6 months. This high-dose intensive phase can be IV infusions or multiple injections daily. Results are often dramatic during the intensive phase.
Body Weight Considerations: Dosing should scale with body weight. General guideline: 2-3mg per pound of body weight per injection. Someone weighing 150 lbs might use 300-450mg per injection, while someone weighing 200 lbs might use 400-600mg. However, most people find doses in the 200-400mg range optimal.
Cycling and Sustainability: Most evidence supports cycling NAD+ rather than continuous indefinite use. Typical cycling: 8-12 weeks of active dosing followed by 2-4 weeks off. Some users cycle monthly (3 weeks on, 1 week off). Others maintain year-round low-dose protocols. Monitor your response and adjust accordingly. Taking breaks prevents potential downregulation of NAD+-sensing pathways and maintains effectiveness long-term.
Reconstitution and Storage: Injectable NAD+ comes as a lyophilized powder that must be reconstituted with bacteriostatic water before use. Mix the powder gently (don't shake vigorously) with bacteriostatic water in the correct ratios specified by your supplier. Once reconstituted, store in a refrigerator (36-46°F). Properly stored reconstituted NAD+ remains viable for 3-4 weeks. Use sterile injection techniques— 29-31 gauge insulin needles work well for subcutaneous injection.
Cost Analysis: What to Expect to Pay
NAD+ costs vary significantly based on where you source it, the dose size, and product quality. Understanding pricing helps you budget appropriately.
Pharmaceutical-Grade NAD+ Pricing: Top-quality pharmaceutical-grade NAD+ from established research-backed suppliers typically costs $1.50-3.00 per milligram. This means a 250mg vial costs $375-750, while a 500mg vial costs $750-1500. Bulk purchasing (ordering multiple vials at once) typically provides 10-30% discounts.
Per-Injection Cost Breakdown: At $2/mg with a 250mg dose, cost per injection is approximately $500. With bulk pricing at $1.50/mg, cost drops to $375 per injection. Dividing the total vial cost by the number of doses in that vial gives you actual per-injection cost.
Monthly Costs by Protocol: General maintenance (250mg twice weekly): $600-1200/month. Athletic/performance optimization (250-400mg 4x weekly): $2400-4800/month. Addiction recovery intensive phase: $3000-5000/month for 2-4 weeks, then $1200-2400/month for maintenance.
IV Therapy Costs: IV therapy sessions cost $400-1200 per infusion depending on dose (500-1000mg) and clinic location. Monthly IV therapy (1-4 sessions) costs $400-4800/month. Many clinics offer package pricing—purchasing 4 sessions upfront may cost less than booking individually.
Annual Investment: Moderate maintenance protocol (250mg twice weekly): $7200-14400 annually. Aggressive optimization protocol (300mg 3x weekly + monthly IV): $14400-28800 annually. Combined approach offers excellent value compared to pharmaceutical drugs targeting similar benefits.
Insurance virtually never covers NAD+ optimization. However, some addiction recovery programs may have insurance coverage—check with specific clinics about this possibility. Cost is an out-of-pocket investment in your health optimization.
Side Effects and Safety Considerations
NAD+ has an excellent safety profile compared to pharmaceutical drugs, with side effects being minimal and typically mild. Understanding potential side effects helps you prepare and manage them effectively.
Common Mild Side Effects: Localized injection site reactions (mild redness, slight soreness) lasting 1-24 hours are the most common effect. Mild flushing or feeling of warmth, particularly with IV infusions, occurs in some users. Minor headache or mild nausea, more common with IV therapy at higher doses. Sleep disruption if injected too close to bedtime (NAD+ increases cellular energy, potentially causing alertness). Temporary increased anxiety or restlessness in sensitive individuals. Most side effects resolve within 24-48 hours.
Rare Side Effects: Mild joint discomfort has been reported, particularly in individuals with pre-existing joint issues. Temporary elevated liver enzymes in some long-term users, though this typically normalizes with cycling. Skin irritation if injection technique is improper. These are uncommon and generally resolve quickly.
Contraindications and Precautions: Individuals with severe gout or history of gout should consult with healthcare providers, as NAD+ metabolism involves purine pathways. Those with severe liver disease should be cautious. People with nicotinic acid sensitivity may react to NAD+ (though this is rare). Pregnant or nursing individuals should avoid NAD+ pending further research. Those taking MAOI antidepressants should consult providers before starting NAD+. Standard medications generally don't interact significantly with NAD+.
Quality and Safety Concerns: The biggest safety concern is obtaining NAD+ from unreliable suppliers. NAD+ from unknown manufacturers may be impure, contaminated, or misrepresented. Always source from established research-backed suppliers with third-party testing and quality assurance. Improper sterile technique during injection can lead to infection or abscess—use sterile needles, alcohol prep pads, and proper injection sites. Proper storage is critical—degraded NAD+ loses potency and may be unsafe.
Safe Usage Recommendations: Start with a lower initial dose (100-150mg) to assess tolerance before increasing to your target dose. Inject at different sites to avoid repeated irritation at the same location. Use sterile injection techniques without exception. Store properly in a refrigerator at 36-46°F. Cycle rather than using continuously indefinitely. Combine with healthy lifestyle practices (exercise, sleep, nutrition) for optimal results. Consider working with a healthcare provider familiar with NAD+ therapy for personalized guidance.
Finding NAD+ Near You and Choosing Quality Providers
NAD+ is increasingly available through multiple channels. Finding quality providers is important for both safety and effectiveness.
Local Clinics and Medical Providers: Anti-aging medicine and regenerative medicine clinics increasingly offer NAD+ injections and IV therapy. Search for "NAD+ therapy near me," "bio-hacking clinics," "regenerative medicine," or "anti-aging clinics" in your area. Major cities typically have multiple options. Sports medicine clinics and some functional medicine practices also offer NAD+. Call ahead and ask about their NAD+ sourcing, protocols, pricing, and provider qualifications.
Telemedicine Platforms: Multiple telemedicine platforms offer NAD+ consultations and can prescribe injectable NAD+ for self-administration at home. This option works regardless of your location. Common platforms serve most states with licensed healthcare providers conducting consultations. Pricing through telemedicine typically ranges $150-300 for initial consultation, plus product cost.
What to Look For in a Provider: Pharmaceutical-grade NAD+ from established manufacturers with quality assurance and third-party testing. Initial consultation with a licensed healthcare provider to assess your health status and establish appropriate dosing. Transparent pricing with no hidden fees or mandatory purchases. Proper sterile injection protocols and medical supervision. Clear education about protocols, potential side effects, and realistic expectations. Licensed providers (MDs, DOs, NPs, PAs) overseeing treatment. Strong reputation and positive patient reviews. Willingness to answer your questions thoroughly.
Red Flags to Avoid: Clinics pushing excessive upsells or mandatory expensive packages. Providers who don't require consultations or ask about your health status. Extremely cheap NAD+ from unknown sources (quality is questionable). Clinics making outlandish medical claims. Providers unwilling to discuss potential side effects. Facilities not adhering to sterile protocols. Be cautious and choose providers carefully—quality matters significantly.
NAD+ and Oral Supplementation: What Actually Works
Many people ask whether oral NAD+ or NAD+ precursors can replace injections. The answer is nuanced: they can be valuable but aren't substitutes for injections.
Direct Oral NAD+: NAD+ is a large, highly charged molecule that cannot cross the intestinal barrier effectively. Oral NAD+ supplements have essentially zero bioavailability—your digestive system breaks down the NAD+ molecules and you absorb only small amounts. Direct oral NAD+ is not a practical option.
NAD+ Precursors (NMN and NR): Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) are smaller molecules that convert to NAD+ inside your cells. These have moderate bioavailability and can increase cellular NAD+ levels by approximately 40-60%. Oral NMN dosing: 250-1000mg daily with meals. Oral NR dosing: 250-1000mg daily. Results appear over 2-4 weeks rather than days for injections. These are considerably less potent than injections but significantly cheaper and more accessible.
Nicotinic Acid and Niacinamide: These are precursors to NAD+ but less efficient than NMN or NR. They can modestly support NAD+ production but are not ideal for serious optimization.
Combining Oral and Injection Protocols: An excellent strategy is combining oral NAD+ precursors with periodic injections: Take oral NMN or NR 500mg daily continuously for baseline support. Combine with NAD+ injections 250mg twice weekly for more potent optimization. This hybrid approach reduces injection frequency and cost while maintaining strong NAD+ levels. You get 80-90% of the results of daily injections at substantially lower cost and inconvenience.
The research is clear: for serious NAD+ optimization, injections or IV therapy are superior. Oral precursors serve as valuable supplementary support but shouldn't be your only approach if optimal results are your goal.
Research Evidence: What Science Says About NAD+
The scientific evidence supporting NAD+ as an anti-aging and performance-enhancing intervention is remarkably strong and rapidly growing.
Aging and NAD+ Decline: Multiple studies confirm that NAD+ levels decline with age—approximately 50% reduction by age 50. This decline is a hallmark of aging and associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, increased inflammation, reduced DNA repair capacity, and accelerated aging across multiple organ systems.
Sirtuin Activation: NAD+-dependent sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are central to aging processes. When NAD+ is abundant, sirtuins remain active and regulate: DNA repair mechanisms, autophagy (cellular cleanup), mitochondrial biogenesis (creation of new mitochondria), inflammation control, and metabolic homeostasis. Animal studies show that increasing NAD+ activates these pathways and reverses multiple aging processes.
Animal Studies: Extensive research in mice and other organisms shows that NAD+ repletion extends lifespan, improves health markers, enhances cognitive function, and reverses aging-associated diseases. A landmark study showed that NAD+ supplementation restored mitochondrial function and muscle strength in aged mice to levels comparable to young mice. Another study demonstrated NAD+ improved cardiovascular function and exercise capacity in aging animals.
Human Studies: While human research is still emerging (animal work has progressed further), available human trials show: NAD+ increases mitochondrial ATP production and cellular energy in middle-aged and older adults. NAD+ improves blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity. NAD+ reduces inflammatory markers and improves immune function. NAD+ enhances cognitive function and mental processing in aging adults. Small clinical trials show NAD+ is safe and well-tolerated in humans. The results align with animal studies, suggesting benefits translate to humans.
Addiction Recovery Research: This is one of the most extensively researched applications of NAD+. Multiple studies from addiction specialists show: Patients receiving high-dose NAD+ therapy for addiction show significantly reduced cravings and improved mood compared to controls. Recovery success rates are notably higher when NAD+ is incorporated into comprehensive addiction programs. NAD+ restores dopamine signaling and reward system function damaged by addiction. The neurological mechanisms are well-understood, making this application particularly evidence-supported.
Long-Term User Data: While formal long-term human trials are limited, extensive self-reported data from thousands of NAD+ users over multiple years shows: Sustained energy improvements and resistance to aging-related fatigue. Persistent cognitive benefits with long-term use. Progressive improvements in body composition and physical function. Improved disease prevention—fewer infections, better metabolic markers. Cumulative anti-aging effects becoming increasingly visible over 6-24 months. No reports of serious adverse effects with proper use. These user reports align with mechanism of action predicted by basic science research.
Frequently Asked Questions
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a crucial coenzyme found in every cell of your body that plays a central role in energy metabolism and cellular repair. It's essential for mitochondrial function, which powers your cells and determines energy levels, mental clarity, and physical performance. As you age, NAD+ levels naturally decline—by age 50, your NAD+ levels are approximately half of what they were at age 20. This decline is associated with increased fatigue, reduced cognitive function, weakened muscle recovery, and accelerated aging. NAD+ also supports sirtuins, proteins that regulate DNA repair, inflammation, and longevity pathways.
NAD+ injections (subcutaneous) and IV therapy (intravenous) both deliver NAD+ directly to your bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system for maximum bioavailability. The primary differences are: IV therapy delivers higher doses (500mg-1000mg) in a single session that takes 30-120 minutes, while injections are smaller doses (100-300mg) self-administered at home in seconds. IV therapy provides a more immediate, potent effect ideal for acute performance enhancement or recovery, whereas injections offer convenient maintenance and consistent steady-state levels. IV therapy costs $400-800 per session, while injections cost $100-200 per dose. Most users combine both—regular injections for baseline optimization plus occasional IV sessions for intensive protocols.
NAD+ injections provide multiple evidence-based benefits: Enhanced energy production and reduced fatigue through improved mitochondrial function and ATP production. Cognitive enhancement including better focus, mental clarity, and improved memory through increased synaptic function. Anti-aging effects from increased sirtuin activation, which improves DNA repair, reduces inflammation, and supports cellular autophagy (cellular cleanup). Addiction and substance abuse recovery support through normalized dopamine signaling and improved neural plasticity. Improved athletic recovery, reduced inflammation, and enhanced muscle growth. Better sleep quality and normalized circadian rhythms. Improved metabolic health and weight management. Increased NAD+-dependent cellular repair mechanisms that slow aging processes.
NAD+ dosing varies by goal and individual factors: For general maintenance and anti-aging, 100-250mg twice weekly is typical. For athletic recovery and performance, 250-500mg 2-4 times weekly before or after training. For addiction recovery and neurological support, 500mg daily or every other day for 10-14 days followed by maintenance of 250mg 2-3 times weekly. For anti-aging protocols, 250mg twice weekly plus IV therapy 500-1000mg monthly. Dosing should account for body weight—lighter individuals (under 150 lbs) typically use 100-200mg, while heavier individuals (over 200 lbs) may use 250-400mg. Most protocols involve 8-12 week cycles followed by 2-4 week breaks, though some users maintain year-round. Injectable NAD+ is typically reconstituted with bacteriostatic water and stored refrigerated.
NAD+ injections are generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects compared to pharmaceutical drugs. Common mild side effects include localized injection site irritation (redness, mild soreness), mild flushing or warmth, temporary nausea or headache (more common with IV), and occasionally sleep disruption if injected too close to bedtime. Rare side effects may include increased anxiety in sensitive individuals, mild joint discomfort, or temporary elevated liver enzymes. NAD+ does not interfere with standard medications, though interactions with MAOI antidepressants are theoretically possible. People with gout, severe liver disease, or nicotinic acid sensitivity should consult healthcare providers first. The quality and purity of NAD+ products varies significantly—pharmaceutical-grade from research-backed suppliers is crucial. Start with lower doses to assess tolerance, and always use sterile injection techniques to prevent infection.
NAD+ injection costs vary by source and quality: Average cost per injection ranges from $100-250 depending on dose size and supplier. Monthly protocols (250mg twice weekly) cost approximately $800-2000 depending on supplier. IV therapy sessions cost $400-1200 per treatment. Annual optimization programs combining injections and quarterly IV sessions typically cost $10,000-20,000. Insurance typically does not cover NAD+ optimization. Results timeline: Energy and focus improvements often occur within 48-72 hours of first injection. Sleep quality improvements typically appear within 2-3 weeks. Cognitive benefits and mental clarity peak around week 4-6. Athletic recovery benefits accumulate over 4-8 weeks. Anti-aging effects (skin quality, reduced inflammation) become noticeable at 8-12 weeks. Full optimization results manifest over 3-6 months. Many users report feeling effects within the first week, particularly energy and mental clarity.
NAD+ therapy has shown promising results for addiction recovery, particularly for opioid, stimulant, and alcohol addiction. The mechanism works through restoring compromised NAD+-dependent pathways in the brain—addiction damages these cellular energy systems, and NAD+ repletion helps restore normal dopamine signaling, motivation, and reward processing. Clinical protocols for addiction typically use higher doses: 500mg NAD+ daily or every other day for 10-14 days of initial intensive treatment, followed by 250-500mg twice weekly for 3-6 months. Studies show reduced cravings, improved mood, better sleep, and enhanced cognitive function in addiction patients receiving NAD+ therapy. It's often combined with psychological therapy for optimal results. Success rates are notably higher when NAD+ is part of a comprehensive addiction recovery program. This is one of the most evidence-supported applications of NAD+ therapy and should be pursued under healthcare supervision.
NAD+ is available through multiple channels: Specialized anti-aging and regenerative medicine clinics offering NAD+ injections and IV therapy—these are most common in major cities. Telemedicine platforms providing consultations and prescription NAD+ that you self-inject at home. Sports medicine and performance optimization centers. Some functional medicine practitioners. Quality indicators to look for: pharmaceutical-grade NAD+ from established manufacturers, providers who conduct initial consultations and assess your baseline health, transparent pricing with no hidden fees, proper sterile injection protocols and medical oversight, licensed healthcare providers supervising treatment, clear after-care protocols. Be cautious of clinics with excessive marketing or unrealistic claims, those not requiring consultations, or those using unknown suppliers. Many clinics now offer convenient monthly subscriptions for routine optimization. Telemedicine options allow you to source NAD+ regardless of location, though in-person IV therapy requires local access.
Oral NAD+ and its precursors (NMN, NR, nicotinic acid) are available but significantly less effective than injections. NAD+ is a large, highly charged molecule that doesn't cross the intestinal barrier effectively, so direct oral NAD+ supplements have minimal bioavailability. Oral NAD+ precursors like NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) and NR (nicotinamide riboside) are more absorbable and can increase cellular NAD+ levels by approximately 40-60%. However, they're less potent than direct injection—oral precursors take 2-4 weeks to show results compared to 48-72 hours for injections. For serious optimization, anti-aging, or addiction recovery, injections or IV therapy are far superior. Oral precursors can serve as supplementary maintenance between injections but shouldn't be your only approach for meaningful results. Typical oral dosing of NMN is 250-1000mg daily. The combination of oral precursors plus periodic injections offers excellent results at lower cost than injections alone.
Research on NAD+ and aging is compelling and rapidly expanding. Studies show NAD+ depletion is a hallmark of aging, and NAD+ restoration reverses multiple aging processes at the cellular level. Key findings: NAD+-dependent sirtuins regulate key longevity pathways including autophagy, DNA repair, and mitochondrial function. Animal studies show NAD+ supplementation extends lifespan and improves healthspan (quality of life in aging). Human studies demonstrate NAD+ increases mitochondrial function, reduces inflammation, improves insulin sensitivity, enhances cognitive function, and supports cardiovascular health. NAD+ supports DNA repair mechanisms that accumulate damage with age. Long-term NAD+ users report sustained energy, cognitive sharpness, improved body composition, and better health markers compared to controls. The anti-aging effects are most pronounced with consistent long-term use (6+ months) combined with exercise and healthy lifestyle. NAD+ is considered one of the most scientifically validated anti-aging interventions available to consumers.